Modern society Essay Example for Free

Current society Essay The advanced family is clearly from numerous points of view not the same as the customary family types that existed before. Various patterns are grinding away these days forming the advanced, or, as certain researchers put it, post-present day family (United Nations University). These components influence the essential establishments of the family and reconfigure the jobs of all individuals from this foundation, accepting various assessments of therapists, business analysts, and sociologists. Educator Yount from Emory University takes note of that advanced American families have experienced a sensational sociological change in the previous decades. Hence, the size of family declined among Caucasians and African Americans and rose among Hispanics, the â€Å"percentage of families headed by wedded couples declined from 78 percent to 53 percent in the period from 1950 to 1998† (Yount, 2005). Moreover, the extent of double gaining couples has expanded essentially, making another financial reality (Yount, 2005). Today, the lady is progressively contributing as much as or considerably more than the man to the family financial plan, a reality that has suggestions for her monetary job in the family. A lady is bound to remain monetarily free after separation or even lose cash in separate from procedures to her better half. This has positive ramifications for kids that are less inclined to stay without help after the parents’ division and advantages the general public, making another workforce pool. Against this foundation a recognizable pattern is positively a disturbing separation rate. From a specific perspective, this pattern neutralizes developing significance of ladies as providers, adding to uncertainty of children’s prosperity and squeezing life partners that take care of youngsters. Then again, separate from rates are associated with â€Å"the new degree of women’s inclusion in the working environment, just as modernization of women’s jobs in general† (Swanson 2004:1). It might be said, separate is the consequence of developing populism in family relations, a pattern clear from the mental point of view. Families become increasingly more populist as in more youthful and more established individuals, ladies and men are accomplishing a progressively equivalent status from various perspectives. Be that as it may, Swanson (2004) likewise calls attention to that ideal libertarianism stays tricky. Most people trying to manufacture libertarian families in the hours of their romance face a reality wherein they can't achieve this ideal perfect and rather slip by into customary unbending sex jobs. This turns out to be significantly to a greater degree an issue with labor. Despite the fact that men will in general have a more noteworthy job in child rearing than previously, ladies are as yet liable for its vast majority, and it keeps an eye on re-shape the jobs in the family toward more prominent investment of the lady in family unit obligations and builds her remaining task at hand comparative with that of the man. Along these lines, an investigation directed in Switzerland â€Å"reveals some moderate inclinations towards less sex composing of assignment portion in such things as managerial contacts, blessings, occasions, cleaning, however there is by all accounts a no-nonsense of undertakings indicating next to no change (preparing suppers, washing)† (Levy, Widmer, Kellerhals 2002). There are numerous different changes evident in the mental domain. Qualities and needs in family life are experiencing a consistent change. Joined Nations University in its article on the post-present day family takes note of that today’s families see â€Å"optional investment in many parts of shared life, significant levels of security and choice† instead of â€Å"compulsory interest in all parts of collective life, absence of protection and individual choice†. In light of lower level of required cooperation in mutual exercises, individuals experience a move in the idea of character, frequently connecting themselves with a more prominent number of liquid social gatherings. Qualities become less consistent, and social jobs are evolving. One intriguing pattern called attention to by Professor Gillis of Rutgers University is the developing virtual character of people’s associations with home. Many invest little energy at the spot related with their home, something underscored by the way that â€Å"homemade† and â€Å"homecooked† is probably going to be made anyplace however at home† (Gillis 2000:7). Then again, present day correspondence prospects as Internet, less expensive significant distance calling and different ways take into consideration more noteworthy association with moderately remote spots. This makes requirements for a profound mental change in the mindset of individuals who feel simultaneously repelled and closer to their family members who they see less much of the time, however can speak with from a separation. A word ought to likewise be said about the development of non-customary families, beginning from living together preceding marriage that would now be able to a decades ago to gay family units and those including a few couples. Invited or loathed, these families likewise have a nearness in the cutting edge society. As to gay couples, we see nowadays an unmistakable pattern toward legitimizing these connections. This can have expansive ramifications for current families. There is a more prominent extent of chances for appropriation of youngsters, more prominent security for individuals from such families that recently needed government managed savings, and other financial and social points of interest. Be that as it may, there is likewise a supposition that the predominance of these courses of action crushes the establishments of the standard family. Accordingly, families these days experience a significant change that happens on sociological, mental, and financial plane. Frequently, these planes end up being profoundly interconnected from various perspectives. Along these lines, separate has establishes in developing populism and move of qualities that influence the brain research of youngsters who get hitched. Then again, it has significant monetary repercussions, making shakiness and imperiling the budgetary prosperity of ladies and kids by and large. In general, the cutting edge family shows numerous patterns, progressively displaying assorted variety and smoothness in meaning of examples and qualities. Catalog Gillis, John R. â€Å"Our Virtual Families: Toward a Cultural Understanding of Modern Family Life†. Emory Universitys Center on Myth and Ritual in American Life Newletter Working Paper No. 2 (2000). 19 November 2006 http://www. marial. emory. edu/pdfs/Gillispaper. PDF. Duty, Rene, Widmer, Eric, and Jean Kellerhals. â€Å"Modern family or modernized family conventionalism? : Master status and the sex request in Switzerland†. Electronic Journal of Sociology (2002): Universite de Lausanne. 19 November 2006 http://www. human science. organization/content/vol006. 004/lwk. html.

How to Style Titles of Compositions

The most effective method to Style Titles of Compositions The most effective method to Style Titles of Compositions The most effective method to Style Titles of Compositions By Mark Nichol Exploring the organizing rules about titles of pieces books and parts, motion pictures and TV shows, collections and tunes, and such can appear arranging a minefield. Here’s a convenient guide to assist you with moving through the territory: In print, two essential configurations exist for recognizing an inventive work. Titles of whole assortments of work, for example, a book, a TV arrangement, or a collection are regularly stressed, while titles for segments of each book sections, TV scenes, or melodies are normally encased in quotes. Sufficiently simple, however shouldn't something be said about manifestations, for example, canvases and sonnets? A canvas is a discrete work, yet it is likewise regularly shown as a major aspect of a presentation. What do you do? For this situation, emphasize the painting’s title however style the title of the presentation in roman, or standard, type. (In any case, single antiquated centerpieces, for example, the Venus de Milo, are just styled in roman.) As for short sonnets gathered in a treasury, style their titles like those of book sections, however stress the titles of book-length sonnets. Photos are viewed as components of a bigger work, for example, a book or a display, and their titles are just encased in quotes. What's more, shouldn't something be said about capitalization? By and large, in a title, consistently underwrite the first and final words paying little mind to grammatical form, in addition to things, pronouns, action words, descriptors, qualifiers, and long conjunctions (those other than and, be that as it may, for, nor, as well as.) Lowercase relational words (over, under, through, and so forth.) except if they are critical to the title (A Walk Through Time) or as a component of a verb-modifying or descriptive expression (Turn Up the Volume). The underlying distinct or uncertain article in a title can be acquired by a nonitalicized article in the event that it clashes with the sentence structure. For instance, compose â€Å"The Wizard of Oz book recording is a best-seller.† But on the off chance that this style looks cumbersome, simply loosen up the sentence: â€Å"The book recording adaptation of The Wizard of Oz is a best-seller.† Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Style classification, check our mainstream posts, or pick a related post below:50 Synonyms for â€Å"Leader†Expanded and ExtendedStarting a Business Letter with Dear Mr.

An update on the Tech Policy Initiative COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

An update on the Tech Policy Initiative COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog I decided to take a detour from the classroom series today to share with you some exciting content from the Fall 2015 Tech Policy newsletter.  SIPAs Tech Policy Initiative is an ambitious effort to fuse public policy, engineering, data science and entrepreneurship through activities including innovation competitions, start-up incubator space and interdisciplinary research. By equipping the next generation of public policy students with a deep understanding of new technology, nurturing organizations that are building novel tech-based solutions to pressing public policy problems and supporting cutting-edge interdisciplinary research at the intersection of tech and policy, SIPA is establishing itself as a preeminent authority in technology and public policy. A new round of the Deans Public Policy Challenge Grant, visits from two of the highest level cyber security policy makers in the United States, and the release of the proceedings of New York Citys biggest tech and policy conference are a few of the recent highlights. Just Released: Conference Proceedings You may recall learning about the  Conference on Internet Governance and Cyber Security  on this blog  last spring. The proceedings from that conference are now available online. Next generation scholars have contributed to these proceedings, which summarize the discussion held at the conference and propose an agenda for future research in policy areas ranging from digital trade, to cyber security and the Internet of Things, and beyond. For more information, please see the Conference website. You can also watch a two-minute recap of the conference below. Digital Economy Evaluating the Importance of the Digital Economy Dean Merit E. Janow, Professor Joseph  Stiglitz, Professor Eli Noam and Martin Wolf  examined the concept of the digital economy and unpacked the consequences of the continued adoption of digital technologies on economic growth and income inequality on Oct 23. Watch a video of the event. World Development Report 2015: Digital Dividends workshop The authors of the World Banks annual World Development Report presented parts of the report, on Digital Dividends, for discussion with a group of Columbia SIPA students, scholars and faculty on Oct. 21. Internet Governance The High Politics of Internet Governance The two co-convenors of the UN World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS), Amb. Lana Nusseibeh and Amb. Janis Mažeiks, joined a panel featuring Laura DeNardis, Gordon Goldstein, David Gross and Veni Markovski to discuss global Internet governance given impending review of the WSIS process. Watch a video of the event. Cyber Security The Future of Cyber Power Admiral Michael Rogers, Commander of US Cyber Command and Director of the National Security Agency visited Columbia SIPA to discuss the latest developments in cyber security. Watch a video of the event. Managing Our Nations Cyber Risk Alejandro Mayorkas, the Deputy Secretary for Homeland Security, spoke with Jay Healey, SIPAs Senior Research Scholar for Cyber Security, about how the US Federal government is approaching cyber security policy. Watch a video of the event. Deans Public Policy Challenge Grant The next cohort of The Deans Public Policy Challenge Grant awardees have been selected and their ideas include providing solar energy in India to easing the legal procedures that refugees face through a cell phone interface. Awardees are now going through bootcamp sessions on starting new ventures, prototyping, financial planning, legal issues and effective pitching. Keep an eye on the grant, as a total of $50,000 will be awarded to two or three winning teams from each competition. Who knows that could be you next year!

Swot Analysis The Energy Drink Industry - 1135 Words

SWOT Analysis: The energy drink industry is a fairly new market, with the top products being little under 30 years old. There are several strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the sector that are unique to this particular industry. Through a SWOT analysis, I will analyze this markets’ main components. The strengths of energy drinks are the specific branding, low rivalry, mainstream products, low pricing points, and powerful sponsorships. Each energy drink producer has a specific brand that they have maintained to appeal to their audience, for example Red Bull’s brand is taking the ordinary man and making him extraordinary were as the Monster s brand is maximizing your lifestyle and whatever that might entail whether that is sports or even music. Although the brands are both amplifying, they are essentially of two different types of people. This makes the rivalry among competitors fairly low. The specific branding allows for marketing towards specific people, eliminating the need for a rivalry. Energy drinks are also very mainstream products, energy drinks are a familiar product to the public and everyone has a general idea of what it does and where to purchase one, so it is not an undiscovered commodity. Because energy drinks can be found in your local grocery or corner sto re, the price range is fairly the same ranging from $4.00-$6.00 per pack. The top energy drinks also maintain powerful sponsorships, Red bull is partnered with Felix Baumgartner and MonsterShow MoreRelatedSwot Analysis Of Energy Drink Industry918 Words   |  4 PagesSWOT on Energy Drink Industry The energy drink industry is a fairly new, and very profitable industry. The industry has many strengths such as not having many large names, growing at a decent rate and not being very closely monitored by the government. However, along with the strengths, the industry does have its weakness and threats. One great threat is the drastic change that may have to occur if the government ever steps in to regulate what goes into the products. The industry also is stronglyRead MoreThe Energy Drink Industry Must Have A Swot Analysis934 Words   |  4 PagesThe energy drink industry must have a SWOT Analysis just like any other industry in order to assess the market before entering. The strengths in the energy drink industry are its â€Å"quick fix† for consumers; their products serve as a quick burst of energy for their target consumers of people on the go. Other strengths include the high brand awareness and relative attractiveness in the industry. Everyone knows what energy drin ks are and the purpose they serve so companies in this industry do not haveRead MoreSwot Redbull969 Words   |  4 PagesSWOT Strengths Industry leadership Throughout the world, Red bull is the leader in the energy drinks market with annual sales of billion dollars. According to the statistics, in year 2003 red bull achieved 80% brand share of the energy drinks in market. Since year 2000 (compare to 1990s), it has been a clear shakeout, and fewer new brands are launching new products to the market. Furthermore many products offered by leading drink manufacturers could not compete with Red bull in the market, suchRead MoreThe Extreme Sports Market : Red Bull1516 Words   |  7 PagesThe extreme sports market is one of the fastest growing sports industries in the world, and many companies attempt to capture this emerging market in order to branch out into new industries to attract more consumers. Although many companies have attempted to capture this market, no company has been able to match the success of the energy drink powerhouse, Red Bull. Red Bull was founded in Austria in 1984, and since then has grown rapidly, while also invent ing new marketing strategies along theRead MoreEssay on A Competitive Audit of Nestles Milo1510 Words   |  7 PagesNestles Milo I plan to produce a SWOT analysis, PEST analysis and a Competitive Audit on Milo. This is because I’m going to need to produce a good analysis on the market place, if I intend to create the best marketing strategy. This is important because there are a range of options available when creating a marketing strategy. Without these analytical processes I will not be able to identify, which strategy is appropriate. I am going to produce a SWOT analysis to find out how effective Milo isRead MoreA Swot Analysis Of Red Bull1466 Words   |  6 Pagesyears, it will be reasonable to consider a SWOT analysis of the company within its industry, then funnel it to a PEST analysis within the given nation, UK. This way, using Porter’s 5 Forces to back up its influence within the given market can better support it. Therefore, constructing four scenarios based on 2 independent factors will be feasible. SWOT Analysis Strengths: †¢ Market Leader – Red Bull maintains its lead as the industry leaders in energy drinks across the world with the annual sale ofRead MorePepsi Company : Swot Analysis846 Words   |  4 PagesPepsi Company: SWOT Analysis Introduction PepsiCo is the second most popular beverage company in the world, according to PepsiCo (2008). This company has an outstanding marketing brand name. PepsiCo sponsors numerous sporting events and has a wide variety of consumers. This product is in competition with the first popular beverage company Coke-Cola. This company evaluates every year on a strategic plan by using SWOTT analysis to manage their products to learn the internal and external factorsRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Coca Cola Company1249 Words   |  5 Pages SWOT and Strategy Evaluation Paper Esteban D. Romero PHL/320 March 23, 2016 Dr. David Aiken Company Overview The Coca-Cola Company is a leading giant in the soft drink manufacturing industry. The company creates, produces, distributes and markets non-alcoholic beverage syrups and concentrates to bottlers worldwide to produce soft drinks, and artificially carbonated beverages. The Coca-Cola Company boasts more than 500 brands, including waters, juice drinks, and ready-to-drinkRead MorePepsi Col Communication Strategy1324 Words   |  6 Pages Pepsi SWOTT Analysis Nikki Washington MBA6011- Strategic Marking South University DR. Nkwocha 09/04/2016 Pepsi Cola: Communication Strategy Introduction PepsiCo is the second most popular beverage company in the world, according to PepsiCo (2008). This company has an outstanding marketing brand name. PepsiCo sponsors numerous sporting events and has a wide variety of consumers. This product is in competition with the first popular beverage company Coke-Cola. This company evaluatesRead MoreSwot Analysis : Energy Drink Business883 Words   |  4 PagesSWOT Analysis Strengths The energy drink business today is very large, in the sense that there are many consumers within the target market. However, in this industry, there are not many different competitors. That is to say, there are a small number of energy drinks that you can choose from. The small number of competitors in the market makes it easier for other companies to enter the field. There is also a low threat of new entrants in this field. It would be hard for an outside company to infiltrate

Nietzsches critique of Plato and Christianity - 2437 Words

Essay No. 1: Write an essay on one of the thinkers covered in the unit so far (i.e. weeks 2-6). Essay question: Assess the major contributions of your chosen thinker to our understanding of the human condition. Due Date: 16/9/13 Number of Words: 2,150 â€Å"God is dead. God remains dead. And we have killed him. Yet his shadow still looms. How shall we comfort ourselves, the murderers of all murderers?† (Nietzsche, 1882, 1887, s. 125).This is one of many renowned and influential quotes devised by the prolific German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche. A lover of Greek myths and a philologist by trade, Nietzsche expounded his controversial philosophy with an iron fist criticizing Platonism,†¦show more content†¦Only by doing this can it be possible to enter the realm of the ubermenschen (overman) and realise one’s highest ideal. Taking control and holding responsibility over one’s own state on both a social and individual level is, in Nietzsche’s view, integral to the human condition. Nietzsche argues that Christianity is repressive, sanctimonious and provides too much solace which prevents one from living an ideal life. The conditions inherent in Christianity thwarts man’s desire to live an instinctual, free and creative life where man can exercise his will to power. Instead he says, the â€Å"Christian faith from the beginning, is sacrifice. The sacrifice of all freedom, all pride, all self-confidence of spirit, it is at the same time subjection, self-derision, and self-mutilation† (Nietzsche,1886 , p.45). He sees it as being out of touch with reality and irrelevant and cautions us to at the least question its morals and teachings and not being a blind, following sheep, or in Nietzsche’s lexicon, a ‘herdman’. Radically, Nietzsche took the power from God and attributed it instead to mankind. Nietzsche’s proposal â€Å"the real philosophers of Greece are those before Socrates† (1888, p. 437) clearly demonstrates his stance and attitude towards Platonism. Nietzsche, as a philologist, was enamoured with the ancient Greeks, their freedom, unbridled and unrestrained passions and their pledge for an instinctual,Show MoreRelatedComparison Between Nietzsche And Kierkegaard1244 Words   |  5 Pagesa very interesting subject that is debated on the concepts of thinking in absolutes. The need to compare and contrast these two is a volatile understanding of this particular philosophical theory. It is also important to review their thoughts and critique them in the sense of saying what makes sense, and what does not make sense. Starting with Kierkegaard, it is best to understand that he has a deep fulfillment to God and that he feels is the absolute. This absolute is to live in the realm of a paradoxRead MoreAristotle And Plato s Influence On Western Philosophical Tradition2851 Words   |  12 PagesAquinas, and ironically never considered himself a philosopher, and criticized philosophers for always falling short of the true and proper wisdom to be found in Christian revelation.† From a Voegelinian point of view, Voegelin would have much to critique on Aquinas, in regards to Christian dogma. And lastly modern philosophy, which consist of the major figures in the philosophy of mind, epistemology, and metaphysics during the 17th and 18th centuries. Basically it is divided into two main groups:

The Ultimate Solution for Good Example Essay Topics

The Ultimate Solution for Good Example Essay Topics Whatever They Told You About Good Example Essay Topics Is Dead Wrong...And Here's Why ESL Essay is an essay that's written by means of a person whose mother tongue isn't English. To start with, if you're writing definition essay you want to pick out a topic which will be interesting. Amazing essay must incorporate a great essay is that you create fantastic thesis statements. A superb essay should have essential points. Stephen's essay is quite effective. A proposal essay is quite easy to comprehend. The cost of an essay rides on the quantity of effort the writer has to exert. It is suggested to look for the one which has a fantastic reputation and offers high-quality papers at inexpensive prices. It is tough to locate an excellent website with free examples of argumentative papers and inexpensive custom made essays. Should you need completely free examples of ready papers, visit the corresponding site. A personal essay provides the reader a glimpse of your private life experience. As any other essay, philosophy work has its features and peculiarities that have to be taken into consideration when you want to acquire the top-notch high quality work. You may start looking for assorted family topics to compose your argumentative essay on in the event you f ind it difficult to deal with some family responsibilities. After which, you'll find it less difficult for you to start. The Secret to Good Example Essay Topics It is crucial to choose a great topic to be able to compose a wonderful paper. The following are a few appropriate essay topics that you could consider when you are wanting to compose a great paper that will earn you the top marks you would like. You should have your reasons, and our primary concern is that you find yourself getting a great grade. Irrespective of how much you'll be taking that day, there are a few ways that can help you get through the essay with a very low quantity of stress. As you compose the essay, make certain that you've got an introduction that captures the interest of a reader. Essays are definitely the most popular academic paper that looks might appear easy to writer. As an essay is a typical and the most popular kind of writing tasks, there are lots of examples of different kinds of essa ys. Essay writing examples in doc format like the ones given may help direct you in writing a very good composition. The big distinction is that the argumentative essay should demonstrate a discussion instead of a single opinion. An essay is merely a string of thoughts which have been put in order to generate a coherent idea. Satirical essay ideas might also be the cause of particular parallels with the nowadays situation. Dependent on the topic one needs to compile data to create a considerable base and argument in the essay. So far as essay structure goes, a 4 or 5 paragraph essay based on the number of points you may wish to argue is an excellent start. In order to create nice and attractive crime and punishment essay titles, you first have to understand the goal of your essay writing and your target audience then your head will be clear to settle on a path. You can't write a great essay whenever you are in a rush or thinking about several other things you need to do. A whole lot of times you might need to compose a personal essay. Thanks to the correct selection of presentation style and a thorough understanding of the goals you wish to accomplish in your essay, there are plenty of categories essay themes may be broken into. There's the range of topics divided into categories depending on their theme. Usually, it doesn't include references and quotes in it. On the opposite side, obtaining a list of good persuasive essay topics is inadequate. There are a large range of suggestions to consider on all types of topics, so choose one that best interests you. You should realize that the secret to success is an intriguing philosophy essay topic, which you've chosen taking into consideration your own knowledge on the theme. If you wish to share because many examples from your private life and experience as possible, most probably you will recall your family members and friends. Anyway, it doesn't matter the amount of education of your essay. To compose a strong argumentative essay, students should start by familiarizing themselves with a number of the common, and frequently conflicting, positions on the research topic so they can write an educated paper. There are a number of exemplification essay topics for college students which you could adopt but of course not all of these will be applicable for your undertaking. There are a number of exemplification essay topics for college students you could adopt but, needless to s ay, not all them will be applicable to your undertaking. Type of Good Example Essay Topics Have a look at each question carefully and take a small time to work out the topic and what type of answer is going to be expected. When you are requested to opt for a great topic for your argument, start with something you're familiarized with. If you would like to succeed, the very first thing you are to do is to pick the suitable topic for your essay. In choosing your topic, it's frequently a good concept to start with a subject which you already have some familiarity with. In order that will help you narrow down an appropriate topic and title for your environmental essay, we've discussed some techniques you could employ. Thus, the topic you select plays a very important role. You will likely find a different and wonderful topic you will love to write about. The Basics of Good Example Essay Topics You don't need to find super technical with legal argumentative essays, but make sure to do your homework on what the present laws about your favorite topic actually say. It's important to select debatable argumentative essay topics as you need opposing points you can counter to your own points. It is often as large or as small as it is possible to think about! Students have a challenging time in writing if they don't have a draft or outline to follow.

The Role of Ict in Early Years free essay sample

The role of ICT in a nursery setting that supports the development and education of children. ICT are tools that can connect people to a global community; they enable access to information from around the world; they enable individuals to publish and share their thoughts and ideas; they are tools for discovery and self expression (Kankaanranta Kangassalo 2003) Early years settings need to provide opportunities for children to learn about ICT as well as to learn with ICT (E. Y. F. S I. C. T is an integral part of all our lives as it is used so largely in society, starting from a babies playing with a movement operated singing toy to adulthood being able to send and receive emails. It is the ‘responsibility of education to prepare students for the future’ (Morrow, Barnhart Royyakkers 2002) ) A nursery experience in ICT means that children are now advancing the older generation by the time they reach primary school. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Ict in Early Years or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (Nutt, 2010) Within a nursery setting up to the age of pre-school there are a large range of ICT recourses that can enhance or delay children’s learning experience. dcsf,2004) ICT is at the heart of the DCSFs commitment to improving learning for all children. These can be an ICT toy that is used for free exploration experiences. These may include baby’s activity centres to enhance sensory development. musical talking books for toddlers and pre-school children, this doesn’t give the children time to think about what is going on around them and also a lack of imagination used when using these, however I found in my setting that talking books are a good way for children to learn nursery rhythms and rhythm as the children continually press the same button. We use programmable and radio-controlled toys as well as everyday items such as remote-control devices to help children with spatial awareness ,numbers of movements we can also use knowledge and understanding of the world by using maps for the movements. we can also use Realistic ICT toys and everyday technology to supports children’s imaginative and role play by providing meaningful contexts such as in the role play area, the shops need bar code scanners and may have digital tills (my setting now have chip and pin toys) these are some benefits of using ICT t an early age as children are more prepared to grow up in the environment they are nurtured in Some advantages of using ICT with young children is that children can grow up using all ICT recourses and find them normal in everyday life as they are growing. We can plan activities and free play for ICT so that it underpins each principle of the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS). in literacy children can locate letters on a keyboard and if you have the software then letters typed can be read allowed to the child. With multi-lingual children learning and understanding a new language can be difficult and cause development delay to help prevent this we can use recorder pens that speak multi languages to improve the Childs understanding. There are lots of sensory toys to use such as voice changers and recorders, motion, senesced toys. The recorders are very good for children to tell their story in their own words . In my setting we have a child with cerebral palsy who also has communication difficulties, by using ITC the child has a small portable communication aid with large letters and pictures. When the child has pressed what he wants to say he will give it to the practitioner who can access their needs. There are certain settings where it is appropriate for speech and language therapists to base support around ICT resources  already provided  by school(Kent County Council and NHS, 2008)I find this is a good way of integrating SEN children in mainstream nurseries. Rather then children having traditional activities planned every day such as gluing and sticking for creative development we now have children’s digital cameras to be creative with as well as video cameras. A video camera is useful for children and adults to record visits and outings for discussion in a group after the event. They can be used with a microphone to putt clips together from role play for storytelling Braxton (2002) saw the great potential of integrating ICTs into the early childhood classroom in her first venture the ‘Teddy Bear Rap’. (Braxton, B 2002,) ‘American and British children swapped teddies and shared stories. This was made possible by a web cam video from school to school. Children now get to see other children from all around the world. A down fall to this is printing and viewing the photos, we still need to think â€Å"How can we help children use the cameras and save or print photos in the most independent way possible? † also we can afford a limited amount of video cameras. A disadvantage of ICT is that I replace’s traditional activities that include the social side of learning such as board games being replaced with consoles. when it came to righting and drawing the computer is used this is delaying children literacy skills being able to write letters to form their own name . n my setting there are lots of lost opportunities for this as I observed a practitioner say to a child â€Å"I need to make a label for the new book box, do you want to help me print of a new label. It could have been hand written by the child and therefore more special to the child. Children are starting nursery pre-school with vast differences in their technological skills, many already have a grasp of basic ICT skills on t heir first day of nursery and are ready for ‘learning how to use the computer for personal productivity, decision making and lifelong learning’ (Chatel, 2003). he children who do not have a computer at home or from a poor rural area are already at an disadvantage as they are often left to catch up while the more able children take over the use of ICT . Research carried out through Stirling University, ‘Already at a disadvantage? ’ found that practitioners rarely consider children’s developing ICT cultural and learning competencies and give greater emphasis to children’s technical competences, (McPake. J,2005), In order for the ICT to be effective the children have to have the motivation to engage in learning how the new equipment/ toy work first. Similarly, the development of ICT expertise has a basis in strong internal motivation and in intensive use of ICT outside school; it is based on informal learning, and ICT resources at home (Facer, K. eat al,2003) Nurseries have a short budget to use for the yearly period a lot of ICT resources will be expensive to buy therefore the children may have to share with the whole nursery and have to wait weeks to use the resource. The EYFS is currently being reviewed ICT if used correctly as a teaching aid should stay as a curriculum topic I believe that children should be encouraged to embrace ICT at early age so that they will think its normal, they will be familiar on how to use it and more efficient when starting school. ICT should be used as a learning tool and not a replacement for socialising and creativity.

Biography of Alice Paul, Womens Suffrage Activist

Biography of Alice Paul, Women's Suffrage Activist Alice Paul (January 11, 1885–July 9, 1977) was a leading figure responsible for the final push and success in winning passage of the 19th Amendment (womens suffrage) to the U.S. Constitution. She is identified with the more radical wing of the womens suffrage movement that later developed. Fast Facts: Alice Paul Known For: Alice Paul was one of the leaders of the womens suffrage movement and continued to work for womens rights throughout the first half of the 20th centuryBorn: January 11, 1885 in Mount Laurel, New JerseyParents: Tacie Parry and William PaulDied: July 9, 1977 in Moorestown, New JerseyEducation: Bachelors Degree from Swarthmore University; Masters Degree from Columbia University; Ph.D.  from the University of Pennsylvania; Law Degree from American UniversityPublished Works: Equal Rights AmendmentAwards and Honors:  Posthumously inducted into the National Womens Hall of Fame in and the New Jersey Hall of Fame; had stamps and coins created in her imageNotable Quote: There will never be a new world order until women are a part of it. Early Life Alice Paul was born in Moorestown, New Jersey, in 1885. Her parents raised her and her three younger siblings as Quakers. Her father, William M. Paul, was a successful businessman, and her mother, Tacie Parry Paul, was active in the Quaker (Society of Friends) movement.  Tacie Paul was a descendant of William Penn and William Paul was a descendant of the Winthrop family, both early leaders in Massachusetts.  William Paul died when Alice was 16 years old, and a more conservative male relative, asserting leadership in the family, caused some tensions with the familys more liberal and tolerant ideas. Alice Paul  attended Swarthmore College, the same institution her mother had attended as one of the first women educated there.  She majored in biology at first but developed an interest in social sciences.  Paul then went to work at the New York College Settlement, while attending the New York School of Social Work for a year after graduating from Swarthmore in 1905.   Alice Paul left for England in 1906 to work in the settlement house movement for three years. She studied first at a Quaker school and then at the University of Birmingham. While in England, Paul was exposed to the suffragist movement in progress, which had a profound impact on her direction in life. She  returned to America to get her Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania (1912).  Her dissertation was on womens legal status. Alice Paul and the National Womans Party In England, Alice Paul had taken part in more radical protests for womens suffrage, including participating in the hunger strikes. She worked with the Womens Social and Political Union. She brought back this sense of militancy, and back in the U.S. she organized protests and rallies and was imprisoned three times. Alice Paul joined and became chair of a major committee (congressional) of the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) within a year, in her mid-20s. A year later in 1913, however, Alice Paul and others withdrew from the NAWSA to form the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage. Paul and her supporters believed that the NAWSA was too conservative and that a more radical approach was needed to push forward the agenda of womens suffrage. Pauls new organization evolved into the National Womans Party (NWP), and Alice Pauls leadership was key to this organizations founding and future. Alice Paul and the National Womans Party emphasized working for a federal constitutional amendment for suffrage. Their position was at odds with the position of the NAWSA, headed by Carrie Chapman Catt, which was to work state-by-state as well as at the federal level. Despite the often intense acrimony between the National Womans Party and the National American Woman Suffrage Association, the two groups tactics complemented each other.  NAWSAs taking more deliberate action to win suffrage in elections meant that more politicians at the federal level had a stake in keeping women voters happy. The NWPs militant stance kept the issue of womens suffrage at the forefront of the political world. Winning Womens Suffrage Alice Paul, as the leader of the NWP, took her cause to the streets. Following the same approach as her English compatriots, she put together pickets, parades, and marches, including a very large event in Washington, DC, on March 3, 1913. Eight thousand women marched down Pennsylvania Avenue with banners and floats, cheered and jeered by tens of thousands of onlookers. Just two weeks later, Pauls group met with newly-elected President Woodrow Wilson, who told them that their time had not yet come. In response, the group embarked on an 18-month period of picketing, lobbying, and demonstrations. More than 1,000 women stood at the gates of the White House each day, displaying signs as the silent sentinels. The result was that many of the picketers were arrested and jailed for months. Paul arranged a hunger strike, which led to intense publicity for her cause. In 1928, Woodrow Wilson succumbed and announced his support for womens votes. Two years later, womens suffrage was the law. Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) After the 1920 victory for the federal amendment, Paul became involved in the struggle to introduce and pass an Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). The Equal Rights Amendment was finally passed by Congress in 1970 and sent to the states to ratify. However, the number of states necessary never ratified  the ERA within the specified time limit, and the amendment failed. Paul continued her work into her later years, earning a law degree in 1922 at Washington College, and then going on to earn a Ph.D. in law at American University. Death Alice Paul died in 1977 in New Jersey, after the heated battle for the Equal Rights Amendment brought her once more to the forefront of the American political scene. Legacy Alice Paul was one of the primary forces behind the passage of the 19th Amendment, a major and lasting achievement. Her influence continues today through the Alice Paul Institute, which states on its website: The Alice Paul Institute educates the public about the life and work of Alice Stokes Paul (1885-1977), and offers heritage and girls’ leadership development programs at Paulsdale, her home and a National Historic Landmark. Alice Paul led the final fight to get women the vote and wrote the Equal Rights Amendment. We honor her legacy as a role model of leadership in the continuing quest for equality. Sources Alicepaul.org, Alice Paul Institute. Butler, Amy E. Two Paths to Equality: Alice Paul and Ethel M. Smith in the ERA Debate, 1921-1929. State University of New York Press, 2002. Lunardini, Christine A. From Equal Suffrage to Equal Rights: Alice Paul and the National Womans Party, 1910-1928. American Social Experience, iUniverse, April 1, 2000.

Causeway - Ancient Man-Made Ritual and Functional Roads

Causeway - Ancient Man-Made Ritual and Functional Roads A causeway is a human-constructed functional and/or ceremonial roadway or a set of roadway fragments. In ancient history they are made of earthen or rock structures that typically- but not always- bridged a waterway. Causeways may have been constructed to cross defensive structures, such as moats; irrigation structures, such as canals; or natural wetlands, such as marshes or fens. They often have a ceremonial element to them and their ritual significance can include symbolic passages between the mundane and the sacred, between life and death. Key Takeaways: Causeways Causeways are early types of human-made roads which have practical and ritual functions.The oldest causeways are about 5,500 years old, built to cross ditches and provide access to peat bogs.The Maya people created causeways up to 65 miles in length, crossing miles of forests in a nearly straight line. Causeways are remarkably different in function. Some (like those of the classic Maya) were almost certainly used for parades for diplomatic visits between communities; others such as the 14th-century Swahili coast were used as shipping lanes and ownership markers; or, in the European Neolithic, as trackways assisting navigation through uncertain landscapes. Some causeways are elaborate structures, elevated several feet about the ground such as at Angkor civilization; others are built of planks that bridge peat bogs, those of the Irish bronze age. But all of them are human-constructed roadways  and have some foundation in the history of transportation networks. Earliest Causeways The earliest known causeways are Neolithic bridges, constructed in Europe and dated between 3700 and 3000 BCE. Many Neolithic enclosed settlements had defensive elements, and some had concentric ditches or moats, generally with one or two at most bridges with which to cross. In some special cases, more causeways were built across the ditches then seems necessary, usually at the four cardinal points, allowing people to cross into the interiors from several directions at once. Since such configurations would not be easily defended, enclosed settlements with multiple causeway entrances are considered likely to have had a ceremonial or at least a shared communal aspect. Sarup, a Funnel Beaker site in Denmark occupied between 3400–3200 BC, had a ditch that encircled an area of about 21 acres (8.5 hectares), with several causeways which allow people to cross the ditches. Bronze Age Causeways Bronze Age causeways in Ireland (called tochar, dochair, or togher) are trackways which were built to allow access across and into peat bogs where peat might be cut for fuel. They varied in size and construction material- some were built as a line of planks laid end to end, flanked on each side by two round timbers; others were made of flat stones and gravel laid on a foundation of brushwood. The earliest of these date to about 3400 BCE. Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom pyramids in Egypt often were constructed with causeways connecting the various temples. These causeways were explicitly symbolic- there was no obstacle to be crossed- representing a route that people could use to travel from the Black Land (the land of the living and a place of order) to the Red Land (a place of chaos and the realm of the dead). Beginning in the Old Kingdoms 5th Dynasty, pyramids were built with an orientation following the daily course of the sun across the sky. The oldest causeway at Saqqara was paved with black basalt; by the time of Khufus rule, causeways were roofed and the internal walls were decorated in fine relief, frescos that depicted pyramid construction, agricultural scenes, craftsmen at work and themes of battles between Egyptians and their foreign enemies, and the pharaoh in the presence of gods. Classic Period Maya (600–900 CE) The sacbe (white lane) that leads to the Palacio, Labna, Puuc, Yucatan, Mexico. Mayan civilisation, 7th-10th century. De Agostini / Archivio J. Lange / Getty Causeways were a particularly important form of connection in lowland areas in North America such as those settled by the Maya civilization. There, causeways (known as sacbeob, singular sacbe, connected Maya cities for distances up to about 63 miles (100 kilometers) such as the Late Classic Yaxuna-Coba sacbe. Maya causeways were sometimes built from the bedrock up and can rise as high as 10 feet (3 meters; their widths range from 8 to 40 ft (2.5 to 12 m ), and they connect major Maya city-states. Others are barely above ground level; some cross wetlands and have bridges constructed to cross streams, but others are clearly only ceremonial. Medieval Period: Angkor and the Swahili Coast Short round pillars support the causeway leading to the Baphuon, in Siem Reap, Cambodia. Jeremy Villasis, Philippines / Moment / Getty Images At several sites of the Angkor civilization (9th–13th centuries CE), elevated causeways were constructed as later additions to the immense temples by king Jayavarman VIII (1243–1395). These causeways, perched above the ground atop a series of short columns, provided walkways connecting the major buildings of the temple complexes. They represent only one part of the enormous Khmer road system, a network of canals, pathways and roads which kept the Angkor capital cities in communication. During the height of the Swahili coast trading communities on the east coast of Africa (13th–15th centuries CE), numerous causeways were constructed out of blocks of reef and fossil corals along 75 mi (120 km) of coastline. These causeways were pathways, elevated just above sea level, that extended out perpendicularly from the coast into lagoons at Kilwa Kisiwani Harbor, ending in circular platforms at the seaward side. The fishermen today call them Arab Roads, which is a reference to the oral history which credits the founding of Kilwa to the Arabs, but like Kilwa itself the causeways are known to have been African constructions, built as navigational aids for ships plying the trade route in the 14th-15th centuries and complementing the Swahili urban architecture. These causeways are built of cemented and uncemented reef coral, up to 650 ft (200 m) long, 23–40 ft (7–12 m) wide and built up above the seafloor up to 2.6 ft. (8 m) high. Selected Sources Abdallatif, T., et al. Discovery of the Causeway and the Mortuary Temple of the Pyramid of Amenemhat Ii Using near-Surface Magnetic Investigation, Dahshour, Giza, Egypt. Geophysical Prospecting 58.2 (2010): 307-20. Print.Abramiuk, Marc A. The Discovery of an Ancient Maya Causeway System in the Southern Maya Mountains of Belize. Antiquity 91.357 (2017): e9. Print.Chase, Arlen F., and Diane Z. Chase. The Ancient Maya City: Anthropogenic Landscapes, Settlement Archaeology, and Caracol, Belize. Belize: Institute of Archaeology, NICH, 2016. Print.Chinchilla Mazariegos, Oswaldo Technologies of Urbanism in Mesoamerica: The Pre-Columbian Bridges of Cotzumalhuapa, Guatemala. Antiquity 92.362 (2018): 456-71. Print.Pollard, Edward. Safeguarding Swahili Trade in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries: A Unique Navigational Complex in South-East Tanzania. World Archaeology 43.3 (2011): 458-77. Print.Uchida, E., et al. A Reconsideration of the Construction Period of the Cruciform Terraces and the Elevated Causeways in the Angkor Monuments, Based on the Magnetic Susceptibility of the Sandstone Blocks. Archaeometry 55.6 (2013): 1034-47. Print.

Business Communication High School Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business Communication High School - Assignment Example This si the reason the first paragraph often summarises the good news. The indirect approach on the other hand, calls for a more inductive method, where the end is proven, instead of stating it right away. It is used for negative reports, where explanation that leads to the negative end is adopted. Secondly, one must see whom it addresses. If it is written to a higher up, it must be written in indirect approach, since it is generally written in undertone and polite, instead of sounding too direct or bombastic. Thirdly, the kind of structure to be followed determines the approach to be adopted. If an explanatory and then a conclusive answer is the preferred idea, then the indirect approach is to be adopted. Meanwhile, for direct statement of the idea, the direct approach is appropriate. In the mentioned scenario, the direct approach would be a risky one, since it would sound too impolite and direct. The indirect approach would be best suited for the situation.

THE MISSING PET Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

THE MISSING PET - Case Study Example A viable business model is important for any business. This is especially so for a business that has a large market with existing service and product providers. The market suppliers are very important for Dwayne and Fred’s chosen industry. Having suppliers ready and willing to provide takes out some of the leg work and allows for time to be spent on organizing other areas. Experience is also very important. Dwayne and Fred is both familiar with the industry so they are not going into the new business blind. The access to capital was their but could be more abundant. Capital is likely the least viable part of their business model. Numbers are very important in any business venture. The numbers will show if there is even a need for the given business. The numbers for Fred and Dwayne are close but with what the bank is allowing it will be too far off. The projected sales are just not enough to keep inventory and have enough operating costs. If Dwayne and Fred want to keep enough inventory and be successful they will need to borrow more money to make it past the crucial first year in business. There are many assumptions made by Fred and Dwayne that are unreasonable. Yes, they had industry experience but it seems as if they didn’t really have in focus what it would actually take to keep the business operating smoothly.

Multiple Myeloma: Causes, Signs and Treatments

Multiple Myeloma: Causes, Signs and Treatments 1.0 Introduction Human body is consisting of so many of cells, almost uncountable. Normal human body cells are growing, dividing into new cell and dying in an orderly fashion. There are different how the body cell is growing between normal cells and cancer cells. Instead of dying, cancer cell continue to grow and form news and abnormal cells. Differ from normal cells; cancer cells can invade other tissue. The cancer cells are the cell that is growing out of control and invading the other cell. When cancer cells diffuse the blood vessel or lymph vessel, the process called metastasis can happen. It is a process where the cancer cells travel, grow out and form new tumors at the other part of the body but it is always named from its origin. Different types of cancer can act very differently like they growing at different speed and respond to different treatments. Not all tumors are cancerous. They are called benign tumor. This type of tumors cannot invade others tissues and cannot metastasize. This kind of tumors are almost never life threatening. Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells. It is malignant cancer cells. The other names for multiple myeloma are plasma cell myeloma or Kahlers disease. Plasma cell is a type of white blood cells that functioning as producer of antibodies. In the human body, the interference of the production of normal blood cells happened because of multiple myeloma, when the collection of abnormal plasma cells is accumulating in the bone marrow. The multiple myeloma usually started at the bone marrow. Bone marrow is the soft, spongy tissue that can be found inside the most bone in the human body. The breastbone, spine, ribs, skull, pelvic bones, and femur are rich with marrow. The myeloma cells that accumulate in the bone marrow can destroy the solid part of the bone. It is called multiple myeloma when more than on of the bone have the collection of myeloma cells. Besides that other tissue and organ like, kidneys can be affected and damaged by this disease. This is because the myeloma cells can produce antibodies that called M protein and other protein. They can be found and collected in the blood, urine and organs. 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 CAUSES The etiology of the multiple myeloma is poorly known to the physician. According to (Multiple myeloma 2011) although the exact cause is unknown, the one thing for sure is multiple myeloma is begin with one abnormal plasma cell and its started to multiple in bone marrow (Multiple myeloma 2011). 2.2 CLINICAL FINDING Usually the multiple myeloma is found out accidently when the patients do the routine blood test for another reason. The blood test result will indicate that patients have anemia, abnormal red blood cells, high serum protein level and how levels of normal antibody. In addition, when patients do the urine test, the results will show that the calcium levels is high and same to go to blood urea nitrogen levels and creatinine levels. If the kidneys are not functioning properly, then there is high level of urea and creatinines exist in urine because the kidneys cannot eliminate these substances properly. When the protein electrophoresis is carried out, the result will shows a large M protein spike, high concentration of monoclonal lg and the Bence Jones protein also detected. The marrow is examined by using bone marrow aspiration techniques. The multiple myeloma usually shows 10%-30% of the cells are plasma cells. 2.3 INCIDENCE OF MULTIPLE MYELOMA Incidence of multiple myeloma means the annual diagnosing rate, or the number of new multiple myeloma case being diagnosed each year. According to (Multiple myeloma quick statistics 2012) multiple myelomas are seldom affected children, teenagers and young adults. The incidences of multiple myeloma are increased with age (Multiple myeloma quick statistics 2012). In 50s, 60s and 70s the incidences of the multiple myeloma is the highest (Multiple myeloma quick statistics 2012). According to (Multiple myeloma quick statistics 2012) 65 years old and above is the onset age for this disease, with an incidence rate of 28.6 per 100000 versus 1.8 per 100000 people under 65 years old. In addition, multiple myeloma is common in men and in individuals of African descent (Multiple myeloma quick statistics 2012). In Asian, about 1/100000 population/year will get multiple myeloma, while in Caucasian, 4/100000 population/ year will get multiple myeloma but, for African descent, 8-10/100000 population /year will get multiple myeloma (Multiple myeloma quick statistics 2012). According to (General information about plasma cell neoplasm 2012) the incidence of multiple myeloma in United States in 2012 is 21700. While in Canada, according to (Canadian statistics for multiple myeloma 2013) about 2300 new case of multiple myeloma is recorded in 2011. 2.4 MORTALITY OF MULTIPLE MYELOMA The mortality rate for patients with multiple myeloma is high because the cure for this disease is still unknown to the people and physicians (Multiple myeloma quick statistics 2012). The median survival rate is approximately 3 or 5 years following a diagnosis of systematic multiple myeloma (Multiple myeloma quick statistics 2012). However, there are some patients that live 10 or 20 years following their diagnosing (Multiple myeloma quick statistics 2012). It is making things so unpredictable. According to (General information about plasma cell neoplasm 2012) 10710 of people have die from multiple myeloma in the United Stated. While in Canada, according to (Canadian statistics for multiple myeloma 2013) about 1370 people had die from multiple myeloma in 2011. 2.5 Risk factors The real causes of multiple myeloma is stil unknown. physicians hardly aware why someone get the multiple myeloma and why others do not but, one thing for sure is multiple myeloma is not contangious disease. There are several risk factors that can contribute to the multiple myeloma. Age over 65 years old As the age increase, the change of developing multiple myeloma also increasing (Multiple myeloma 2013). According to (Multiple myeloma 2013) most people are diagnosed with myeloma after the age of 65 years old. Race According to (Multiple myeloma 2013) the african americans have the highest risk to get multiple myeloma while the asian americanshave the lowest risk. The reason of why this happen is unknown (Multiple myeloma 2013). Gender According to (Multiple myeloma 2013) in the United Stated, the numbers of men that are diagnosed with multiple myeloma is higher compared to women. The reason of why this happen is unknown (Multiple myeloma 2013). Personal history of (MGUS) monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance MGUS is a benign condition in which abnormal plasma cell make M proteins. Usually, its assystomatic and by running the blood test to the pateint, the abnormal M protein level can be found out (Multiple myeloma 2013). Sometimes people who have MGUS can develop certain cancers, like multiple myeloma(Multiple myeloma 2013). Family history The risk of getting multiple myeloma is increased if a close relative had the disease(Multiple myeloma 2013) . 2.6 SIGN AND SYMPTOMS Usually, depending on how advanced the disease, the symptoms of multiple myeloma may be varies (What is multiple myeloma 2013). In the earliest stages, a person may be assystomatic (What is multiple myeloma 2013). When these symptoms present, its may be obscure and similar to those of other conditions also,it is kindly hard to diffrentiate whether it is multiple myeloma or other diseases. Sometimes not all patient have all these symptoms (What is multiple myeloma 2013). Kidney problem According to (What is multiple myeloma 2013) kidney damage can happen when the kidney filtering excess protein the blood and this may lead to renal failure. The symptoms like loss of appetite, fatigue, muscle weakness,conctipation, nausea and vomiting will appear when hypercalcemia overworks the kidneys (What is multiple myeloma 2013) . Pain One of the most common early symptom of the multiple myeloma is lower back pain or pain at the ribs area (What is multiple myeloma 2013). Because of accumulation of plasma cells and weakened bone structures, there is tiny fracture in the bone and it can leads to the lower back pain ot pain in the area of the fractures(What is multiple myeloma 2013). Fatigue According to (What is multiple myeloma 2013) the number of malignant plasma cells is increases in the bone marrow caused the growth and development of red blood cells in the bone marrow lessen it can lead to anemia. unusual tiredness and abnormal paleness is the common symptoms of anemia. Recurent infection According to (What is multiple myeloma 2013) myeloma patient have higher risk, about 15 fold than a healthy person to get infection, espeacially pneumonia. the immunity of patient is reduced from infections such as bacterial pneumonia, urinary tract infection and shingles and it is happened when the blood produces fewer white blood cell that functional to fight the infection , as the number of myeloma cell increases.(What is multiple myeloma 2013) . Nervous system disfunction Because of the bone structure is weakened and collapsed, it may encroach on thenerves, produce severe pain, tingling or numbnes (What is multiple myeloma 2013). Accoding to (What is multiple myeloma 2013) the abnormal proteins that have been produce by the myeloma cellswill contribute to the appearant of the symptoms and if it is produce in the large amounts, it will cause hyperviscosity. 2.7 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY B-lymphocytes are developed from the stem cell in the bone marrow, and from them the plasma cells is being produces. The antibodies that can recognize antigen are carries by the B-cells. Antibodies are responsible in recognizing and destroying material and organisms such as bacteria. As his antibodies recognize and want to destroy the antigen, they will proliferate rapidly and become mature plasma cells. These plasma cells are monoclonal. If there is damaged to the genetic materials when stem cell is develop to B cell, multiple myeloma will begin. This is because; it will lead to the development of plasmablast. The plasmablast will bond together inside the bone marrow because of production of adhesive molecule that allows them to do so. These myeloma cells are growing out uncontrollable and did not die naturally because of interference of a growth factor that called interleukin-6. Multiple myeloma patient have higher contain of plasma cells in their bone marrow compared to normal individual. In this disease, a plasma B cell is genetically damaged and proliferated uncontrollably (Immune cells and multiple myeloma 2013). The antibodies are overproduced by cancerous cell and accumulated in bone marrow. The bone cells named osteoclasts are stimulated by altered plasma cell. The bone structure is dissolved by the enzymes that be produced by the Osteoclasts, caused some of the symptoms associated with the disease, including pain and disfigurement (Immune cells and multiple myeloma 2013). Normally, B cell is move freely around the body, that is why the cancerous cells are available in the blood stream and metastasis is a common thing. Usually, multiple tumors are available in different bones (Immune cells and multiple myeloma 2013). The malignant myeloma cell will produce identical lg (immunoglobulin). The dysfunctional immunoglobulins that produce from myeloma cell are called paraprotein. They are called monoclonal because the myeloma cells are identical clones of a single plasma cell. Multiple myeloma will depress immune system because of action of paraprotein that destroy the functional lgs and other components of immune system. The malignant plasma cells also produce monoclonal light chain or incomplete lgs that call Bence Jones protein and secreted in the urine. 2.8 HISTOPATHOLOGY OF THE MULTIPLE MYELOMA According to (Tobias 2012), plasma cells from patients with myeloma are usually immature in appearance with centrally located nuclei, distinct nucleoli and perinuclear vacuolization. There are also often multinucleated plasma cells. Immunohistochemical analysis can verify monoclonality. The plasma cells produce monoclonal lgG or lgA that can be detected through a characteristic serum protein electrophoresis pattern. Eighty percent of the patients have a complete monoclonal lg in the serum and most of them simultaneously produce light chain in the urine (bence jones protein). The light chain concentration in the urine is often so low that Hellers urinary test is negative. 3.0 IMAGING MODALITIES OF MULTIPLE MYELOMA There are several imaging modalities that can be used to rule out multiple myeloma. According to (Healy et al. 2011) the function of medical imaging in multiple myeloma is crucial in the initial staging of disease, in detection and characterization of complication and to asses patient response toward the treatment. CONVENTIONAL RADIOGRAPHY A full skeletal survey is done in order to rule out the multiple myeloma. This skeletal survey is included a frontal and lateral view of the skull, the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine, a coned down frontal view of the dens axis, as well as frontal view of ribs cage, humeri, knees and pelvis (Healy et al. 2011). Advantages According to (Healy et al. 2011) the evidence of multiple myeloma can be seen on the radiograph of skeletal survey in 80% of patient. The radiological evidence of multiple myeloma can been seen on vertebrae in 66%, ribs in 45%, skull in 40%, shoulder in 40%, and pelvis in 30% and long bones in 25% (Healy et al. 2011). The advantage of plain radiography compare to MRI is in discovering the cortical bone lesions in the radiograph. It also has the advantage of being easily available and inexpensive compare to the other imaging modalities (Healy et al. 2011). Disadvantages One of the disfavor of conventional radiography is diffusion of bone marrow, which may or may not be associated with cortical bone destruction, is cannot be evaluated by the conventional radiography (Healy et al. 2011). Furthermore, the lytic lesions become clear and appear on plain radiography if only when 30-50% of the bone mineral density is already loss (Healy et al. 2011). In addition, the causes of the diffuse osteopenia that shown on the radiograph cannot be differentiate whether it is because of multiple myeloma or because of other reason such as osteoporosis (Healy et al. 2011). According to (Healy et al. 2011)because of plain radiograph required patient to be in varied positioning that is sometimes painful for the patients who are usually elderly and disable because of pathological fracture then this plain radiograph become disfavor for the multiple myeloma patients. COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY According to (Healy et al. 2011) CT is a sensitive imaging modality in evaluating the osteolytic effects of multiple myeloma and has a higher sensitivity than conventional radiography at detecting small lytic lesions. The characteristic of myeloma disease like punched out lytic lesions, expansile lesions with soft tissue masses, diffuse osteopenia, fractures and rarely osteosclerosis can be detected by the CT scan (Healy et al. 2011). Advantages If the CT, MRI and conventional radiography is being compared in patient with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, then CT was advance than conventional radiography at defining lytic lesion and in combination with MRI, aiding in staging the extent of the disease(Healy et al. 2011). CT is more accurate than MRI in the assessing of fracture areas. According to (Healy et al. 2011) in case where MRI is negative, CT is used in identifying bone destruction, hence complementary imaging information may be provided. Furthermore, the presence and extend of extraosseous lesions is demonstrated accurately by CT scan. In image guided spinal or pelvic bone biopsy of MRI defined focal lesions; CT is preferred (Healy et al. 2011). Furthermore, CT can be done quickly and comfortable for the patient as they just need to be lying stilly. Disadvantage According to (Healy et al. 2011) a disadvantage of CT is that it typically shows persistent bone lesions throughout the trend of the disease and unlike MRI and PET/CT, it cannot evaluate continued activity of myeloma in areas of anterior to bone destruction. WHOLE BODY MRI According to (Healy et al. 2011) in detecting diffuse and focal multiple myeloma in the spine as well as the extra axial skeleton, the whole body MRI is proven to be the most sensitive imaging modalities to do it. It is crucial to know that MRI preponderantly showing bone marrow infiltration, which may or may not be related with bone destruction (Healy et al. 2011). Advantages MRI has capability to visualize large volumes of bone marrow without producing radiation exposure and in shorten time, its suitable and favorable method to evaluate disease within bone marrow (Healy et al. 2011). In addition as the number and pattern of lesions detected on MRI is mutual related very well with treatment outcome and overall survival, which is means MRI has prognostic significance (Healy et al. 2011). In patient with extraosseous lesions, it is important to define the degree of involvement and to asses for cord compression so MRI can be the best choice to do it. Disadvantages According to (Michael 2011) ,although MRI is sensitive to the existance of disease, but it it not disease particular, that is why extra test such as direct aspiration of bone marrow and measurement of gamma globulin level to asses for plasmacytosis need to be taken. It is because the signal intensity profile and enhancement pattern produce by MRI is almost the same between any muscoskeletal tumor and myeloma.(Michael 2011). That is why, MRI may give worse or better result about the disease to the patients with myeloma, in the other word it may understage the disease or overstage the disease. (Michael 2011). NUCLEAR IMAGING Myeloma is a disease that is caused by overactivity of osteoclasts, with resultant liberation of bone and suppression of osteoblasts (Michael 2011). According to (Michael 2011) nuclear medicine bone scans are depended on osteoblastic activity for diagnosing. In addition, the extend and severity of the disease is underestimated by standard tecnetium -99m (99m Tc) bone scans. So, this bone scan should not be used mundanely. Advantages According to (Michael 2011) 99m TC-MIBI can demonstrated the extend and intensity of bone marrow infiltration equally as well as MRI and its may serve as subtituition to MRI in cases in which MRI is not convenient. Disadvantages According to (Michael 2011) the fast- negative rate of standard 99m Tc bone scintigraphy is high in diagnosing multiple myeloma. Additional test is required for the confirmation if the scan is positive with normal radiograph(Michael 2011). PET/CT PET/CT is a tomographic nuclear imaging tecnique that injected labelled radiopharmaceutical such as flouro-deoxy-glucose (FDG) into the patient then, followed by tomographic scanning 10-40 minutes later. Because of tumor cell have high metabolic rate and high glucose demand, then it can be differentiate from the normal cell by using thic tecnique. in detecting early bone marrow involvement with apparent of solitary plasmacytoma, PET/CT is used. Besides that, PET/CT also used in assessing the extent of active disease, detecting extramedullary involvement or evaluating treatment response given by the doctors to the multiple myeloma patient. (Michael 2011). Advantages According to (Michael 2011) the most substantial benefits of PET/CT imaging is it has ability to differentiate between active myeloma and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermine significance (MGUS) smouldering disease. Disadvantages According to (Michael 2011) the primary drawback of PET is it have limited spatial resolution, that can cause restriction in detecting subcentumetre lytic lesions seen on conventional radiography. 4.0 DISCUSSION Multiple myeloma is known as the disease that is incurable but treaterable,. This disease is also progression slowly and can be repeated again. If this disease is in stage 1, it is very hard to diagnose this disease by the imaging modalities. Usually, in stage 1, this disease have normal bone structure or only isolated plasmacytoma. Most patient are diagnosed at stage 3. As there is no clear cause of these disease, so there is no method for preventing multiple myeloma. 5.0 TREATMENT FOR MULTIPLE MYELOMA Though multiple myeloma is incurable, but with the good treatment the patient can be as normal as healthy person. According to (Multiple myeloma 2012) standard intervention options include: Bortezomib (Velcade) (Multiple myeloma 2012) It is administered intravenously. This drug will blocking the action of proteasomes and can lead to the death of cancers cell (Multiple myeloma 2012). For the people who are newly diagnosed and previously treated myeloma, this drugs can be useful and approvable. 5.2 Thalidomide (thalomid) (Multiple myeloma 2012) This drug is suitable for the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (Multiple myeloma 2012). This drug is admitted orally. Lenalidomine (revlimid) (Multiple myeloma 2012) This drug is more potent and causes fewer side effects than thalidomide (Multiple myeloma 2012). It is given orally. This drug can be used for the patient who has previously treated with myeloma and the patient with newly diagnosed myeloma (Multiple myeloma 2012). Chemotherapy (Multiple myeloma 2012) It is involves using medicines that need to be taken orally as a pill or through intravenous injection to kill myeloma cells (Multiple myeloma 2012). Chemotherapy is carry out in a cycles over a period of months,and then followed by a rest period (Multiple myeloma 2012). melphalan, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin and liposomal dexoribicin are the most common chemothreaphy drugs that has veen used in treating myeloma (Multiple myeloma 2012). Corticosteroids (Multiple myeloma 2012) For decade the treatment of the multiple myeloma is using corticosteroids, like prednisone and dexamethasone (Multiple myeloma 2012). The corticosteroids are come in pill form. Stem cell plantation (Multiple myeloma 2012) This treatment is done by using high doses of melphalan, and the immature blood cells that have been collected are transfused to subtitute diseased or damaged marrow (Multiple myeloma 2012). The stem cell is derived from the patient or donor (Multiple myeloma 2012). Radiation therapy (Multiple myeloma 2012) This treatment applies high energy penetration waves to destroy myeloma cell and restrain their growth (Multiple myeloma 2012). In the purpose of to shrinking myeloma cells in a specific area quickly, radiation therapy may be the best choice (Multiple myeloma 2012). 6.0 PROGNOSIS OF MULTIPLE MYELOMA To see the posible outcome of a disease, prognosis is the right medical term for it. It is easy to apply the prognosis to a larger population of patients rather than to a single of patient. For example, it is easy to state that within one year, almost 35% of people in coma will be paralyzed, but its hard to accurately state when will a patient with multiple myeloma die or free from this disease because it is required a lot of patient research specifically. According to (Multiple myeloma prognosis 2011) in multiple myeloma cases by using the international staging system, the prognosis can be done. With the helps of this system, the survival of the myeloma patient can be predicted by depending on stages. The average survival of 62 months for stage one, 42 months for stage 2 and 29 months for a disease that have entered the stage 3 of the disease prognosis ranking is predicted by the international staging system (Multiple myeloma prognosis 2011). The differences of prognosis for multiple myeloma between one patient and others is the common thing. In this disease, 70 years old is the average age that people ussually get the multiple myeloma (Multiple myeloma prognosis 2011). Furthermore, based on the research, the older patient have low change of survival to be compared with younger patients as the older patient may have many other disease that can complicate the situation (Multiple myeloma prognosis 2011). 7.0 CONCLUSION As the conclusion, we can say that imaging modalities have played a big role in diagnosing and treating multiple myeloma patient. Without imaging modalities like plain xray, ct scan , MRI, and others it is hard to diagnose for sure that a patient have multiple myeloma. In addition, it is also hard for physicians to see the progression of the disease or the progression of the treatment without imaging modalities. So, we should be grateful to have so many efficient imaging modalities that can be useful to patients and physicians. By having many imaging modalities, that is mean the doctors will have several choice of use according the type of disease. Different imaging modalities is the best for different types of disease. In this assigment, I can know which imaging modalities is the best for multiple myeloma. Besides that, by doing this assigment, I can learn and differenciate between normal and abnormal appearance of anatomical structures on the radiological images.

Tartuffe by Jean-Baptiste Polquelin Moliere :: Papers

Tartuffe by Jean-Baptiste Polquelin Moliere In the neoclassical comedy Tartuffe, written by Jean-Baptiste Polquelin Moliere, Tartuffe is illustrated as a disreputable character who has posed as a religious ascetic. Orgon, the master of the house, is convinced Tartuffe is a humble and pious man despite the rest of his families claims. Yet, in Act IV, scene seven the impostor Tartuffe is finally exposed for the fraud he really is. ACT IV Scene 7 Tartuffe, Elmire, Orgon TARTUFFE [Not seeing ORGON] Madam, all things have worked out to perfection; I’ve given the neighboring rooms a full inspection; No one’s about: and now I may at last... ORGON [Intercepting him] Hold on, my passionate fellow, not so fast! I should advise a little more restraint. Well, so you thought you’d fool me, my dear saint! How soon you wearied of the saintly life- Wedding my daughter, and coveting my wife! I’ve long suspected you, and had a feeling That soon I’d catch you at your double dealing. Just now, you’ve given me evidence galore; It’s quite enough; I have no wish for more. ELMIRE [to TARTUFFE] I’m sorry to have treated you so slyly, but circumstances forced me to be wily. TARTUFFE Brother, you can’t think... ORGON No more talk from you; Just leave this household, without more ado. TARTUFFE What I intended... ORGON That seems fairly clear. Spare me your falsehoods and get out of here. TARTUFFE No, I’m the master, and you’re the one to go! This house belongs to me, I’ll have you know, And I shall show you that you can’t hurt me By this contemptible conspiracy, That those who cross me know not what they do, And that I’ve means to expose and punish you, Avenge offended Heaven, and make you grieve That ever you dared order me to leave. Scene seven of ACT IV represents the climax and drastic turn of events, where Tartuffe is unmasked then once again gains the upperhand as the new master of the house. In previous scenes, Tartuffe had been acquitted by Orgon of being anything short of a Saint. The family had grown tired of Orgon’s blindness and Elmire had prepared for the

Iliad as a war literature Essay

Homer’s epic poem, â€Å"The Iliad,† is probably one of the best stories that tell us about war. In this poem, we see humans fighting with humans, gods fighting with humans, and even gods fighting with gods. Even though it was made some time around the 7th century BC, we can associate with our modern warfare. In Homer’s â€Å"Iliad,† we see how the gods manipulated the people in fighting their own wars, just like how political leaders of different countries manipulate their army to fight another country. We can also see that modern wars, just like the Trojan war in â€Å"the Iliad,† can be caused by small matters which were just blown up to huge proportions by those who manipulate these wars. The book can be seen as Homer’s perspective of war. It is somewhat an anti-war literature because it showed how wars usually end. Both sides lost great lives, including some of their respected heroes. In the Greeks’ side, they lost Achilles’ best friend, Patroclus (23. 1-7). On the Trojans’ side, they lost their prince, Hector (24. 21-23). Achilles eventually died some time after, when he was shot by Paris, Hector’s brother in the heel of his foot which was his weakness. It showed that no one really reigns victorious, even after winning the war. This is because both sides suffer great losses, not only in properties, but also the lives of those who are involved in the war, both armies and civilians. Some attitudes towards war that Homer depicted in Iliad were the possible motives of engaging in wars. The most evident motive in the Trojan War was to retrieve the wife of Menelaus, the brother of the Greek King Agamemnon. They decided to launch an all out war, deploying a fleet of more than a thousand ships in order to retrieve Helen (of Troy) who was abducted by a Trojan prince, Paris (3. 29-31). Another attitude towards war shown in this epic poem was the intervention by higher powers. With the intervention of the Olympian gods and goddesses, the war to regain Helen of Troy was blown up to greater proportions. It became a personal war for these gods and goddesses, especially when they chose to take sides between the Trojans and the Greeks. The gods and goddesses who took the side of the Greeks include Hera, Athena, Poseidon, and Hermes (4. 37-49). On the other hand, the gods who took the side of the Trojans include Aphrodite, Apollo, Artemis, and Leto (1. 10-15). They backed up the soldiers whenever they fight and are usually the ones who decide on how the fight would end. Only Zeus remained in the middle, wherein he forbade the intervention of these gods in the war. Homer was able to depict a war which is similar to our modern day warfare. His depiction of gods was like the political leaders of various nations who would encourage their people to engage in wars against other nations. These are the leaders who are not physically in battle, but are the ones who actually dictate how the wars would go. Also, the wars that they often start would usually mean great losses for both warring sides. The reasons for these wars were very much the same like that of Homer’s â€Å"the Iliad. † These are usually small things which could be solved by negotiations, but the pride of the leaders is usually the ones that fuel the war. Leaders like Menelaus and Agamemnon are the same as the political leaders that we have today, who prefers violent negotiations rather than peaceful means to solve conflicts. This usually leaves the country with great problems, like loses of lives and property and a bad economy. Works Cited: Homer. â€Å"The Iliad†. 2006. Spark Notes. October 15 2007. . Sienkewicz, Tom. â€Å"The Gods in the Iliad†. 2002. October 15 2007. .

Psychoanalysis Reconstructing The Feminine Identity Essay

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